In this series of numbers each term is the sum of the previous two terms as follows:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, &c.
The division of any two adjacent numbers gives the amazing Golden number e.g. 34 ÷ 55 = 0.618 or inversely 55 ÷ 34 = 1.618.
It is called the ‘Fibonacci’ series after Leonardo of Pisa or (Filius Bonacci), alias Leonardo Fibonacci, born in 1175, whose great book The Liber Abaci (1202) , on arithmetic, was a standard work for 200 years and is still considered the best book written on arithmetic. It was the principal means of demonstrating and introducing the enormous advantages of the Hindu Arabic system of numeration over the Roman System.
–Filius Bonacci